耀杰不凡丨第二刊:“肛拭子”頻頻上熱門?伯杰醫(yī)療邀你一起知其所以然
近日,采集“肛拭子樣本”用于新冠篩查的新聞成為大家熱議的焦點,事件的起因是1月20日
“耀杰不凡”致敬幕后抗疫英雄推文解讀活動
第二刊:“肛拭子”頻頻上熱門?伯杰醫(yī)療邀你一起知其所以然
近日,采集“肛拭子樣本”用于新冠篩查的新聞成為大家熱議的焦點,事件的起因是1月20日,北京新冠防控新聞發(fā)布會介紹,其已對大興某新發(fā)病例所在學(xué)校全體學(xué)生、教職工等全部進行鼻咽拭子、口咽拭子、肛拭子及血清檢測。
那么問題來了,此次北京大興為什么在篩查中增加了“肛拭子”檢測?其實,有關(guān)樣本類型檢出率這一議題,早先便有眾多學(xué)者對其進行過討論。2020年8月公布的《新型冠狀病毒肺炎診療方案(試行第八版)》中也明確表示,可以在糞便、尿液中可分離到新冠病毒。
鼻咽拭子、口咽拭子、痰液、支氣管灌洗液及肛拭子這些不同類型的標(biāo)本與檢測結(jié)果之間到底存在著什么樣的聯(lián)系呢?不同的病程進展情況下,上述各樣本類型是否存在檢出差異?且聽大咖見解,一一道來~
本研究成果由深圳市第三人民醫(yī)院的劉映霞教授、劉磊教授和中科院深圳先進技術(shù)研究院的李亮教授團隊在2020年5月16日發(fā)表于胃腸病學(xué)和肝病專業(yè)領(lǐng)域國際排名第一的醫(yī)學(xué)雜志《胃腸病學(xué)(Gastroenterology)》,研究主題為新冠肺炎患者的腸道排毒特征及規(guī)律。
圖1. 患者糞便中 SARS-CoV-2在病程不同時間(周)的檢測情況。
解讀文獻2:Laboratory Diagnosis and Monitoring the Viral Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
本期研究收集了410例患者的3,552份呼吸道標(biāo)本,包括559份口咽拭子,2,231份鼻咽拭子,696份痰標(biāo)本和66 份支氣管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)樣本。在這些患者中,90例為重癥患者,320例為輕度和中度患者。
圖2. 患者狀況分布圖
不同呼吸道樣本中檢測新冠病原體
上,下呼吸道的不同檢測結(jié)果
圖3. RNA病原體的檢測狀況
1.多種樣本檢測結(jié)果互為補充,能夠有效防止漏檢:根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果,新冠不同疾病程度患者的痰樣本、鼻咽拭子、口咽拭子陽性率不同,痰液的檢出率相對較高。
2.重癥病例上呼吸道樣本檢出率低,需聯(lián)合其他輔助手段:經(jīng)過上,下呼吸道的樣本檢測,一些重癥病例的上呼吸道樣本中未檢測出病毒RNA但在痰液樣本中顯示為陽性。由此可見,盡管未在上呼吸道樣本中檢測到病毒RNA,但不應(yīng)將那些具有接觸史和臨床癥狀的可疑病例排除。在這種情況下,CT掃描可能為診斷COVID-19提供重要證據(jù)。
3.下呼吸道病毒脫落時間更長:研究發(fā)現(xiàn),下呼吸道的病毒脫落時間可持續(xù)長達46天,這比先前發(fā)現(xiàn)的上呼吸道樣本的病毒脫落時間更長。在制定治療和抗擊病毒傳播的策略時,應(yīng)謹慎對待新冠病毒的異常病毒脫落情況。
圖4. RNA病毒的脫落持續(xù)時長
本文中所提及的學(xué)術(shù)研究所使用的檢測試劑,來自于上海伯杰醫(yī)療科技有限公司的新型冠狀病毒2019-nCoV核酸檢測試劑盒(熒光PCR法)。此番能夠在科研合作中出一份力,伯杰醫(yī)療深感榮幸。成立以來,伯杰醫(yī)療一直專注于傳染性病原體的診斷,秉承“勇于創(chuàng)新,質(zhì)量為先”的方針。助力檢驗科研事業(yè)的發(fā)展,伯杰醫(yī)療責(zé)無旁貸!
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